Turner Modern Rome – Campo Vaccino, 1839. Here, landscape painting was epitomized by two masters of the genre: John Constable and J. Landscape painting was described by John Ruskin as ‘the chief artistic creation of the nineteenth century’ No where was the tradition more popular than in Britain where the industrial revolution found its epicenter. The revolution had distanced the population from nature, creating a nostalgia-infused desire to celebrate nature in all its glory. It’s booming popularity was the result of two factors: the emergence of the idea that nature was a direct manifestation of God on earth and the rampant industrialization and urbanization of much of Western Europe during the industrial revolution. However, in the eighteenth century, the genre of landscape painting truly came to fruition. This ranking demonstrated the relatively low regard society had for the landscape at this time.
In the seventeenth century, the French academy classified the genres of art, placing the landscape as fourth of fifth in order of importance. Moonlit Landscape with Bridge, one of Van Der Neer’s “nocturnes” (night scenes) (1648-1650) oil on panel.
Meanwhile, noteworthy Dutch painters in the 17th century began to develop a more naturalistic style, as can be seen in the landscapes of Aert van der Neer. Early European landscapes were highly stylised works that imitated the landscapes of ancient Greece and Rome they were idealized pastoral scenes that came to be known as the ‘classical landscape’. From Italy, the genre spread and, with French artists Claude Lorrain and Nicolas Poussin, the landscape began to dominate. Curtosy, National Gallery, London, UK German, out of copyright.ĭuring the Renaissance, landscape painting emerged as a serious artistic genre. Landscape with a Footbridge, c.1518-20 (oil on panel) by Altdorfer, Albrecht (c.1480-1538). Albrecht Altdorfer’s Landscape with Footbridge, which dates from the early 16th century, is considered the first true landscape in Western art history. There is some evidence of a landscape tradition in Ancient Greece and Rome, but these paintings often featured other elements. The landscape painting only emerged as a popular genre in the 17th century. Landscapes were typically used as the background for historic paintings or portraits. In the Western tradition, appreciation of nature for its own sake was not always popular. It became so popular, in fact, that the beginning of the 9th century is referred to as the dawn of the Great Age of Chinese Landscape. The landscape tradition can actually be traced back to China and the 4th century, where Chinese painters sought to capture their impression of the landscape. While some believe that Da Vinci was the originator of the landscape painting, this is a common misconception. Header image: Forteresse au bord de la Méditerranée, 2018, by Pascal Giroud Generally speaking, artists depict a landscape to capture its beauty, or to make a comment on the relationship between man and the environment.
Landscape painters are inspired by the world around them and, while landscape paintings are principally figurative, there is a growing tradition of abstract landscapes that developed from the middle of the 20th century onward. This definition was expanded in the 20th century to include urban and industrial landscapes. Landscape painting encompasses a variety of natural scenes including mountains, rivers, valleys, forests, fields, and coasts. Landscape painting is a highly popular artistic genre present in many cultures and artistic traditions with a long and established history.
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